Thomas j



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS J. WELLS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO D. BARNUM.

PLANING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,195, dated March 20, 1849.

l To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, THOMAS J. VELLS, of the State, county, and city of New York, machinist, have invented, made, and applied to use certain new and useful Improvements in the Application of Knives or Finishers to the Face Disk 1n Combination with J acking- Tools, by which means I produce a machine to plane boards and leave a face equal insmoothness and polish of surface to that given by the common smoothing-plane when applied by the hands of a skillful workman, such results being attained by the use of a face disk with jacking tools or ygages upon the periphery, -as described by Bramah, combined with knives or plane irons extending near to the center or shaft, embracing the whole width of the board, with the inner ends slightly elevated from the face of the disk and forming in their rotations a slight cone, it being an improvement upon the Bramah wheel, the original invention being disclaimed, and the improvements are fully and correctly described and represented in this specification and the drawings which accompany and form a part of it, wherein- Figure 1, is a front elevation of a machine fitted with these improvements. Fig. 2, is a plan of the same, and Fig. 3, represents, in larger size, two cams, as a means of feeding the board to the cutters-and Fig. 1i, is a face view of the planing wheel-and Fig. 5, shows an end view ofthe fence D, slide a, g, and keeper piece 11, with a board i in place-and also showing the elevation of the finishers (aS-from the face of the disk-C, the shaft being inclined, in proportion, to the elevation of the finishers.

For which improvements I seek Letters Patent of the United States.

As marks of reference, the saine letters and figures in the different figures refer to the same parts of the machine.

A is the main frame of the machine on which the working parts are mounted-a is the main belt-t1--a2-a3a4 and a5- and also-l-Q--ll--and 5,-eXhibited in the drawings. Figs. 1 and 2,-show a method of tonguing and grooving which may, or may not be used-but as they form no part of these improvements a further de scription -is deemed unnecessary-and they are also dispensed with in the model-so also of 713 and adjusting screw 10 shown in the drawings they are not necessary-and are therefore dispensed with.

On the main frame, two standards B, B1, carry a main driving shaft 6, which is driven by the belt a passing over a drum a6, and returning, to the power and this gives motion to a face disk O, which is fitted to receive, near the periphery-two, or more jacking tools at?, set at the outer rim of the disk, with their cutting edges at an angle of about 450 with the radial line at the given points of the circle, so that they will act to under cut the shaving from the board, with a motion that may be best described, as a circular drawing cut, that does not spall the board, even when cross grained.

Within the jacking tools, the smoothing tools as, are placed with, or without double irons, at an angle of about 15O with the radial line; The inner end or edge of each cutter is very slightly elevated from the face of the disk as seen in Figs. 2 and 5,-the sh'aft 6 is inclined in proportion to the elevation of the finishers as so that the edges of the finishers when at right angles to the length of the board shall form a vertical line parallel to the face of the board as seen Fig. 5 the edges of the finishers therefore, in their rotations form a slight cone, while the acking tools revolve in a perfect plane. The finishers making a slight conical cutwthe jacking tools-the legitimate action of the disk.

The positions, and angles, of the cutters as, and shaft 6, relatively, with the center of the disk C, are such that the smooth finish, of each cut is given at or nearly in a vertical line, from the center of the disk, and at right angles, withthe grain of the wood and the whole width of the board, the cutter in the further progress, removing, the neXt portion by an upward shearing cut, which prepares, that portion of the board for the smoothing operation, of the next tool. The slight elevation of the inner edge or end of the tool, operates, as the board progresses, to lea-ve the finished part of the board, clear of the next smoothing cutter, or the same effect, may be produced, by using a roller, or any convenient means to spring the finished portion of the board backen a slightly retreat ing curve, on the main fence D, as the board progresses on the slide a, g, between the fence and cutters, by the action of the feeding apparatus, described hereafter.

The rollers Z), are shown in connection with the tcnguing and grooving, as twoone of each, being placed in front, and rear, of the cutters al and z2-the tonguing and grooving being dispensed with-only one of the pressing rollers Z2, are necessary; in either case, they are mounted on a sliding frame 1 and are made to press upon the :face of the board-by means of the lever b2, which may be operated by springs 8 and 9, or by weights-this will be easily understoodwthe rollers ZJ act, to hold the board, and directl it, into the machine, until it comes in contact, with the rib, on a, g, and the keeper piece 11 between the cutters a8 and fence D.

The rollers may be notched or grooved around the circumference and set a little out of upright with the top inclining toward the disk, which serves to keep the edge of the board down upon t9-Z13 with the adjusting screw 10, is a means of operating upon the edge of the board, which in practice, is not necessary, and is therefore dispensed with in the model. Between the cutter disk and fence, the slide a9 is tted with a rib to take the groove, and a keeper piece 11, to take the tongue, as seen in the end view Fig. 5, the keeper piece 11, being adjustable by screws b4, to act upon the different widths of boards-as they pass the planing wheel.

In the standard B1 the shaft 6, is set in what is usually known as the saw tooth journal box, fitting into each otlier,in parallel A grooves and counter grooves as shown in the plan view, Fig. S21-the shaft 6, with the disk C, may be regulated endwise by screws b5, which may enter a sliding box having a saw tooth journal through a clamp piece 6G, the back journal of the shaft 6 slides in its own box, and by these means, the nicest possible adjustment is made-other means may also be used for the same purpose-such adjustments being well understood by mechanics.

In the lower part of the frame, the standard E, carries a shaft 12, and drum c worked by a belt 13, that leads, from over a pulley, on the main shaft 6, and below two guide rollers 14e, 14, and over t-he drum c, to give motion to the shaft 12, and to a pinion CZ, which drives a feed wheel e, on a shaft 15, which shaft, is fitted with two cams, made as shown in the detached Fig. 8, each of these, as a female cam, takes in a groove, a roller on the end of the horizontal bars f, as seen by the dotted lines-on the shaft 15, or they may be fitted so as to be acted upon by the. bars f, without a groove or roller. See model. The bars f, are jointed at the other end, to two vertical bars g, g, jointed at the bottom, to the frame, A, and on their tops, they carry, and work, two pair of eccentric 4feeding clamps-made and acting on slides, the same as described in my patent of April 11th 1846-the bars g, g, having a compensating or slip joint where they connect with the eccentric clampsso that, the circular motion, of the tops, of g, g, shall not prevent, the parallel motion, of the eccentric clamps, on the slides a9. The above description of parts for driving the shaft 15, in the lower part of the frame A, may be varied at pleasure and any other arrangement for driving the feed apparatus may be used.

Fig. 4 shows t-he face of the disk, with edges of the knives, and the relative positions of the finishers and jacking tools, it being a front view, the elevation of the inner ends of as can not be seen.

Fig. 5 is an end view showing the elevation of the inner ends, or edges, of the finishers, as, and also the slight inclination of the shaft l6, and also the end of a board h, against the fence D, with the rib, on a, g, and keeper piece 11, operating upon the edges of the board, with an adjusting screw b4, which should be made longer than shown in figure to accommodate the diderent widths of boards to be planed. This figure shows the relative positions of the board and finishers; that is, the edges form a parallel line, with the face of the board, at the point. of finishing. These improvements are made upon the Bramah machine. I therefore disclaim the invention of a face disk with two sets of knives, nor do I claim any of the parts hereinbefore described as being of my invention, except such as are specifically set forth in the following claim.

Having thus fully described the parts used. in these combinations and shown the modes contemplated for using them, what I claim as my invention, and which Idesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The application to the face disk C, of one or more long or broad plane irons or finishers, embracing the whole width of the board, the inner ends or edges of which being slightly elevated, and which in their rotations form or generate a slight cone, a5 in combination with the jacking tools a7, or of gages placed upon the periphery, for the purpose of producing a twofold action; that is t-he slight conical cut of the nishers a8, and the perfect disk operation of the jacking tools a7, thus uniting and claiming the action of the cone, and the disk, in one and the same planing wheel. I thus produce the effect of the Bramah gages, in chipping, or hewing away the roughest part, the jacking tools revolving in the perfect plane of the disk, and also the effect of the cone by the slight elevation of the finishers as, on the end, near the shaft 6, which effect is to finish the surface while the finishers a8 scores across from one edge to the other of the board, leaving` Jche surface indented Wit-h 1C them, and unt for use, While I produce a perfectly level and smooth surface, substantially as described and shown.

THOS. J. WELLS.

lVitnesses THEODORE MARTINE, CHAS. W. SMYTH. 

